Charles Dickens and Henry Dodd

excerpted from the Thames Sailing Barge Yearbook 2004

Introduction

The world is a surprisingly small place. This article, used with permission from the Thames Sailing Barge Yearbook 2004, proves the point. In it we learn about the relationship between Charles Dickens, his novel - Our Mutual Friend, the "Golden Dustman" of London and sailing barge races on the Thames.

The Golden Dustman and Sailing Barges

In Sailing Barges (Conway Maritime Press, Rev. ed., Greenwich, 1951), Frank G. G. Carr states, "The Golden Age of the barge did not really begin until the year 1863, when in the fertile brain of a Mr. Henry Dodd was born the idea that has done more than anything else to improve the build of the barges and to raise the status of the bargemen. For in that year the Annual Barge Sailing Match was founded by him and his friends on the Corn Exchange. The innovation was an immediate success, and as early as 1874 barges were being built specially for the race."

Henry Dodd was born in 1801 and started his working life as a ploughboy in the fields within sight of St. Paul's Cathedral, London. His was a "rags to riches" story with his riches coming from rags. By 1836 he had become a "scavenger" (refuse collector) and rubbish carter. He developed this into a highly successful business and then diversified into brick making.

He was, for a period, a member of the Metropolitan Board Of Works during which time he was involved in the Board's consideration of various plans, including the Thames Embankment and York Gate landing steps. Interestingly, he as also a Freeman of the Butchers' Company, which did not reflect any of his publicly known business activities. These however brought him great wealth and by the time of his death in 1881, aged 80, he was work over £100,000, a remarkable figure at that time, which in current day values is over £5,000,000. Not surprisingly, he was known as London's "Golden Dustman" during his lifetime.

Charles Dickens and Our Mutual Friend

Charles Dickens is associated with the Thames Match in various ways, although this escapes mention in the standard works of Dickensian literary analysis and criticism. The principal strand is directly through him knowing Henry Dodd, the "Golden Dustman". Dodd is considered to be the inspiration for Dickens' character of Mr. Boffin, the wealthy London dustman in the novel Our Mutual Friend.

This particular association came about as a result of a passion that Dodd and Dickens shared - that of the London theatre scene. Dodd offered the Royal General Theatrical Fund, at the English Opera House, in London, a gift of 5 acres of land in 1858. Dickens was one of the trustees and its first chairman at the time. Interestingly, although he publicly accepted the gift he later rejected it in 1858 as he believed the stipulations that Dodd imposed on its use were unacceptable.

Charles Dickens and the Thames Match Route

Another connection between Dickens and the Thames Match is that several locations featured in Dickens' novels can be seen if you are afloat on the Thames following the Match route. Others, if you are on foot, watching the barges from the coastal paths during a Match, or taking a coastal walk at some other time of the year.

Location	Novel	Comment
Gravesend	David Copperfield	Mr. Peggotty, Ham and the Micawbers say their goodbyes and sail away to begin a new life in Australia
Gravesend basin, Thames & Medway Canal	*David Copperfield*	Up until the 1940's, at the eastern end of the basin there was a cottage with an upturned boat as its roof. This was possibly Dickens' inspiration for Mr. Peggotty's peculiar house (an upturned barge) on Yarmouth beach where Copperfield stayed.
*Denton - the Ship and Lobster* pub**	*Great Expectations*	The original 18^th century name was The Ship and it is thought to have inspired the waterfront tavern, The Ship, where Pip hides Magwitch, the escaped convict, for the night to await a ship to the continent.
Gravesend Reach - mooring buoys	Great Expectations	Pip, with accomplices, is rowing Magwitch from London down river in expectation of waylaying a regular steamer, whilst under way, in the Lower Hope, off Gravesend, bound for Hamburg.
The Lower Hope - Cliffe Creek, canal and lime kilns	*The Uncommercial Traveller*	Dickens refers to a "fort" which is a major structure - rather than a "battery". This, plus the "lime" clue suggests the vicinity of Cliffe Creek and its now defunct canal used by Sailing Barges.
The Lower Hope - Cliffe Battery	Great Expectations	Dickens this time specifically refers to a "battery" rather than a "fort". The former, would in his day, as it is now, be little more than a grassy mound.
Blythe Sands and Cooling Marshes	Great Expectations	Dickens has Magwitch the convict escape from a prison hulk anchored in the Thames, off the marshes beyond a church. This is generally considered to be the St. James's Church, Cooling, implying the hulk was on the Blythe Sands.
Allhallows Marshes	Great Expectations	Pip plans the escape by sea of the convict Magwitch in an area of the Thames well clear of Gravesend because it was a " . . . critical place for search or inquiry if suspicion were afoot". Allhallows-on-sea, within walking distance of the Nore fits the clues but no pub exists on the shore today - only The British Pilot, approximately 0.6 nm. inland.
Isle of Grain	*The Uncommercial Traveller*	Dickens' character is located somewhere between the Thames and the Chatham Dockyard and is describing the spritsail Stump rigged sailing barges used for transporting hay up-river to London's horse population. They were known as "Stackies" (as in "hay stacks").

Our Mutual Friend Information

About the Thames Match Home Page - The first Match took place in 1863 which makes it one of the oldest surviving sailing races. As such it is a unique part of maritime heritage, representing over 141 years of history. Visit their site to learn more about the Thames Match and about sailing barges.